Important Vitamin Dificiency diseases

Diseases = Dificiency

1. Alopecia = Vitamin B₇(Biotin).
2. Rickets = Vitamin D or antirachitic in children.
3. Beri-beri = Vitamin B₁ or Thaimine or antineuritic
4. Cheilosis = Vitamin B₂ or Riboflavin or G.
5. Pellagar = Nicotinic acid or Niacin C Vitamin B₅.
6. Anemia = Folic acid vitamin B₆.
7. Pernicious anemia = Vitamin B₁₂ or Cyanocobalamin.
8. Scurvy = Vitamin C or Ascorbic acid.
9. Dermatitis = Vitamin B₂,B₆,B₇(H).
10. Hypoprothrombinemia = Vitamin K.
11. Nyctalopia = Vitamin A.
12. Ostteomalacia = Vitamin D in adult.
13. Keratomalacia = Vitamin A(Retinol).
14. Tetany = Vitamin D.
15. Anorexia = Vitamin B₁ (Thiamine)
16. Polyneuritis = Vitamin B₁.
17. Glossitis = Vitamin B₂.
18. Xerophthalmia or Night Blindness = Vitamin A or antixerophthalmia or Retinol or Anti Infection Vitamin.
19. Macrocytic anemia and Spure = Folic acid(Pteroylgutamic acid).

Important Hormonal Diseases

Diseases = Causes

1. Acromegaly = Due to hyperecretion of growth hormone or S.T.H in audlt from anterior lobe of pituitary.
2. Adrenal virilism = Due to hypersecretion of androgen from adrenal corex.
3. Addison's diseases = Due to hyposecretion of Glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex.
4. Dwarfism = Due to hyposecretion of S.T.H or G.H. in children.
5. Cretinism = Due to hyposecretion of thyroxin in children from thyroid gland.
6. Cushing's syndrome = Due to hyper secretion of glucocorticoids
7. Diabetes insipidus or Polyuria insipida = Due to Hyposecretion of A.D.H. or vasopressin from posterior lobe of pitutary.
8. Diabetes mellitus = Due to Hyposecretion of Insulin from Islets of Langerhans.
9. Goitre = Due to Hyposecretion of thyroxin from thyroid.
10. Grave's disease or Exophthalmic goitre or Basedow's disease = Due to Hypersecretion of thyroxin from thyroid.
11. Hashimoto's disease = Due to Hyposecretion of thyroxin from thyroid.
12. Myxedema = Due to Hyposecretion of thyroxin from thyroid.
13. Plummer's disease = Due to Hypersecretion of thyroxin from thyroid.
14. Tetany = Due to Hyposecretion of parathormone from parathyroid.

Mineral dificiency diseases

Dificiency = Diseases

1. Iron =Anemia.
2. Potassium = Hypokalemia.
3. Sodium = Hyponatremia.
4. Iodine = Simple Goitre.
5. Calcium = Rickets and Ostomalecia.

Viral diseases

1. 1. Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome(AIDS) = By lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) and Human T Leukaemia virus(HTLV).
2. 2. Chicken Pox. = By Varicella virus
3. 3. Influenza = By Orthomyxo virus
4. Measles = (Rubeola)By Paramyxovirus
5. Mumps = By Paramyxo virus

Some Important Facts of Human Body

1. Length of Alimentary Canal = Approximately 8 metres.
2. B.M.R.(Basal Metabolic Rate) = 1600 K.Cal/day.
3. Number of cells in body = 75 trillion
4. Longest Bone = Femur(Thigh Bone).
5. Smallest Bone = Ear ossicle(Stapes).
6. Weight of brain = 1400gms.
7. Blood volume = 5 to 6 Litres(in 70 kg body).
8. Normal B.P. = 120/80mm Hg.
9. Number of R.B.C.
• In male = 5 to 5.5 million/cubic mm.
• In female = 4.5 to 5 million/cubic mm.
10. Life span of R.B.C. = 120 days.
11. Normal W.B.C. count = 5000-11000/cubic mm.
12. Life span of W.B.C. = 2 to 5 days.
13. D.L.C.(Differential leucocyte count)
    • Basophils = 0.5-1%
    • Eosinophils = 1-3%
    • Monocytes = 3-8%
    • Neutrophils = 40-70%
    • Lymphocytes = 20-25%
14. Blood platelets count = 2,00,000-4,00,000/cubic mm.
15. Haemoglobin %
    • In male = 14-18gm/100c.c. of blood.
    • In female = 12-16gm/100c.c. of blood.
16. Haemoglobin content in body = 500-700gm.
17. Universal blood donor = O(Rh negative)
18. Universal blood recipient = AB
19. Blood clotting time = 2-5 minutes.
20. Average body weight = 70kg.
21. Normal body temperature = 310.038K.
22. Breathing rate = 12-16/minutes.
23. Dental formula = Adult 2123/2123=32 & Child 2102/2102=20 milk teeth.
24. Number of cranial nerves = 12 pairs.
25. Number of spinal nerve = 31 pairs.
26. Largest endocrine gland = Thyroid.
27. Gestation period = 9 months+1 week(280 days).
28. Normal Heart beat = 72-75/minutes.
29. Largest gland = Liver.
30. Largest muscles in the body = Gluteus maximum(Buttock muscle).
31. Smallest muscle in the body = Stepedius(ear).
32. Largest artery = Abdominal aorta.
33. Largest vein = Inferior venacava.
34. Largest W.B.C. = Monocyte.
35. Smallest W.B.C. = Lymphocytes.
36. Greatest regeneration power = In Liver.
37. Longest nerve = Sciatic.
38. Longest cell = Neuron(nerve cells).
39. Menstrual Cycle = 28 days.
40. Menarch = 14-15 years.
41. Menopause age = 45-50 years
42. Minimum regeneration power = In Brain cells
43. Minimum distance for proper vision = 25 cm.
44. Type of Placenta = Haemochorial(Chorio-allantoic)
45. Pulse Rate = 72 per minute.
46. Volume of Semen = 2-4ml/ejaculation.
47. Normal sperm count = 200- 350 million/ejaculation.
48. ESR(Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) = 4-10min/hour(normal).
49. Thinnest skin = Conjunctiva(eyelid).
50. pH of Gastric juice = 1.4-3
51. pH of urine = 4.5-8
52. pH of blood = 7.35-7.45
53. pH of Bile = 7.5
54. pH of Pancreatic juice = 8.5
55. Total number of muscles in the body = 639.
56. Total number of bone in the body = 206.
57. Largest organ of human body = Skin.
58. The average adult contains about 65% water of his body weight.
59. Four main groups of Bacteria lie on human skin and can be found almost anywhere on the body.They are:
    • Corynebacteria (including Corynebacterium acnes, which causes acne);
    • Micrococci;
    • Streptococci and
    • Coliform bacteria.
60. The large intestine is also rich in bacteria.Among the types are Coliform bacteria(especially Escherichia coli); Bacteriodes; Lactobacilli; Clostridia and Streptococci.In the intestine,they are harmless.
61. Three main types of yeast commonly live on the skin.Malassezia furfur is found mainly on the chest and back.Candida albicans is mainly found between the toes and mouth.Trichospora beigelii lives mainly on the scalp.Two other, kinds of fungi -Trichophyton and Microsporum cause ringworm and athelete's foot respectively.
62. One strain of virus Herpes simplex lives inside the nerve fibres of 90% of adults-the only virus to do so. It is usually dormant, but when the host's health is low, it can sometimes erupt on the lips as cold sores.